Employment Authorization Document (EAD)

• What is an EAD? When you enter the U.S. as a refugee, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) automatically generates a digital Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) for you if you have an approved Form I-590. Your EAD is typically produced within 1–2 weeks after approval and mailed to your address via U.S. Postal Service Priority Mail. The EAD is a physical card that confirms your work eligibility, though your Form I-94 (Arrival-Departure Record) with a refugee admission stamp also serves as temporary proof of work authorization for 90 days.
• How to Use Your EAD: Present your EAD or Form I-94 to employers as proof of your work eligibility when completing Form I-9 (Employment Eligibility Verification). If using an expired EAD, you may need to provide a Form I-797C (Notice of Action) for an automatic extension of up to 540 days.
• Renewing Your EAD: If your EAD expires, you can renew it by filing Form I-765 online or by mail. Online renewal costs $470, while mail renewal is $520 (as of April 2024). If you cannot afford the fee, you may request a fee waiver using Form I-912. Check the USCIS website for the latest instructions and mailing addresses.

Explaining Refugee Status to Employers

Explaining your refugee status can help employers understand your background and demonstrate your resilience and adaptability. Here’s how to approach it:

• Be Honest and Concise: Briefly explain that you are a refugee legally authorized to work in the U.S. For example: “I am a refugee from South Africa, granted legal status to live and work in the United States. I have an Employment Authorization Document and am excited to contribute my skills to your team.”
• Highlight Your Strengths: Focus on your skills, work ethic, and adaptability. For instance, if you have experience in agriculture or trade, emphasize how these skills transfer to U.S. industries.
• Address Potential Concerns: Some employers may be unfamiliar with refugee status. Reassure them by mentioning your EAD or Form I-94 and your legal right to work. If needed, direct them to the USCIS website for verification.
• Seek Support if Needed: Organizations like the Refugee Council or Upwardly Global can provide guidance on how to discuss your status professionally.

Obtaining a Social Security Number (SSN)

A Social Security Number (SSN) is essential for legal employment in the U.S., as it allows employers to report your earnings to the government. As a refugee, you can apply for an SSN using Form SS-5, and the process is free.

Steps to Apply for an SSN

• Gather Required Documents:

• Form SS-5 (Application for a Social Security Card): Download and complete the form from the Social Security Administration (SSA) website: Form SS-5.

• Proof of Identity and Status: Provide your Form I-94 (Arrival-Departure Record) with a refugee admission stamp or your EAD (Form I-766). If you don’t have these, a passport with entry stamps may suffice.

• Additional Documents: If available, bring your birth certificate or other proof of age. Unmarried children under 21 may also need parental documentation if applying through a parent’s Form I-730 petition.

• Visit a Social Security Office:

• Locate your nearest SSA office using the SSA Office Locator: SSA Office Locator.

• Schedule an appointment if required (some offices accept walk-ins). Call 1-800-772-1213 to confirm.

• Submit your completed Form SS-5 and supporting documents in person. The SSA typically processes applications within 2 weeks, and your SSN card will be mailed to you.

• Tips for Success:

• Apply for your SSN within your first month in the U.S. to ensure you’re work-ready.

• Bring original documents or certified copies; photocopies are not accepted.

• If you applied for an SSN through Form I-765 and did not receive it, visit an SSA office to follow up.

• For Children: Parents can apply for an SSN for their child using the same process. This provides U.S. government identification and access to benefits like the Child Tax Credit. Each child needs a separate Form SS-5 and supporting documents.